Sridhar D Iyer and Sainandan S Iyer

To a layperson, “economy” generally means money, taxes, budget, inflation, and more. The nine shades of the economy generally are — white, black, green, brown, grey, red, ocean, and blue. The white economy reflects how London focused on digital services to compensate for losses in business after the 2007–08 financial crisis and the anticipated impact of Brexit in 2016; the black economy covers violations of laws and tax evasion; the green economy addresses environmental concerns and was first envisaged at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; the brown economy relates to money spent on controlling pollution; the grey economy involves informal activities that operate without regulation or taxation, with or without government knowledge; the red economy refers to communist states that centrally control production and distribution; the orange economy highlights revenue generated from creative and cultural industries; the ocean economy focuses on marine resources and their economic value; while the blue economy goes a step further, encompassing the ocean economy but also emphasising the sustainability of oceans…read more NOPR