RP Tiwari and Felix Bast

After a decade-long teaching and research on the secrets of rocks, silt and vegetation, we have come to realise that the soil of Punjab is more than a resource; it is our greatest teacher. By inspecting the vast geological history of our “alluvial blanket,” we find that the solutions to our modern socio-economic issues are not buried in robotics or AI, but in the deep-time civilisation wisdom of the land itself. 

Nearly four crore years ago, the Indian tectonic plate collided with Eurasia at a glacial pace to create the Himalayas. In its shadow, the Indo-Gangetic Foreland Basin was born where Punjab now stands. Prehistoric Punjab had a landscape of subtropical thorn vegetation and savannahs. As such, life here thrived on the “boom and bust” cycles of semi-arid heat and riverine flooding for thousands of years…read more on NOPR