Ashirwad Tripathy

In our daily lives, we use countless tools, from toothbrushes to table fans, to make life more convenient. We made the first tools around 3.3 to 0.2 million years ago in Africa, like hammers and cutting tools. Then, in the 1960s, van Lawick and Jane Goodall reported the tool-making ability of wild chimpanzees, which was a groundbreaking discovery in ethology. Since then, researchers have documented tool use in many other vertebrates, like mammals, birds, fish, and cephalopods. Earlier, it was thought that only vertebrates could make tools. However, recent research shows some invertebrates, including insects, also demonstrate significant cognitive skills…read more on NOPR