Anil Pratap Singh

In November 2025, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) gathered its 30th assembly, i.e. the Conference of the Parties (COP30), not in a capital, but within the ecological frontier of the Amazon, Belém, Brazil. The conference took place under an unprecedented shadow of climate urgency because the preceding year, 2024, was officially confirmed as the warmest on record, with global average temperatures already soaring to approximately 1.55°C above pre-industrial levels.

COP30, which coincided with the ten-year milestone of the Paris Agreement, carried the intense global expectation of being the critical judgment point. It was legally bound to translate the factual assessment of the first Global Stocktake (GST) into decisive, non-negotiable policy mandates. Instead of securing unity, the conference clearly showed the divide among nations. The final agreements clearly showed how deeply divided the world remains. Once again, the extreme seriousness of the climate crisis was defeated by political pressure, and the chance for vital course correction was lost because of the strong and steady financial power of the fossil fuel industry. As UN Secretary-General António Guterres stated, “the hard truth is that we have failed to ensure we remain below 1.5°C. This is moral failure and deadly negligence” …read more NOPR