Sridhar D Iyer

Have you ever wondered if under the coastal seas (i.e., the sea adjacent to the coast) there could be fresh water? Can there be a co-existence of fresh water that flows into the sea from the rivers and salty sea water? Do you know that there are areas offshore where there are freshwater springs? These aspects may be surprising to many people, including non-hydrogeologists and oceanographers. But the enigma of fresh water in salty seas is known to those staying in coastal areas and mentioned by Strabo (63/64 BC–c.24 AD), a Greek geographer, philosopher and historian. Pliny the Elder (AD 23/24–AD 79), a Roman author, naturalist, philosopher and naval and army commander, had opined that the Romans depended on the fresh Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) for their daily use…read more on NOPR